Generics of Remdesivir or Immune Boosters? Which is Better For The Pandemic

    First case of coronavirus was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, a city in China. And now today it has become a pandemic. The whole world is suffering from coronavirus outbreak. lacks of people all over the world are getting infected. Scientists and researchers all over the world are searching for vaccine and anti doses.

However some pharmaceutical companies has been successfully brought up some medications.

1. The very first medicine launched in the market for coronavirus was the drug called arsenic album 30.

This drug work for immunity by boosting it up and providing support to immune system and avoid infection. The drug consists of arsenic and zinc powder which is harmful and poisonous for animals as well as plants. Many studies claims that this medicine cannot help for curing the disease. However there is no such evidence.

2. Following the homeopathy, allopath came up with a medication called Remdesivir. Since drug act as fake RNA polymerase which is necessary for viral replication the virus can be destroyed.

The drug was first used against ebola virus which projectors  itself as fake RNA polymerases for RNA viruses like ebola and stop the internal multiplication of virus.
Coronavirus is RNA dependent virus and hence this drug may cure the patients. Ramdesivir has approved in Japan since 2014 for ebola and influenza. The same drug, in Japan is in clinical trial to prove its efficacy against covid-19.

Drugs in phase 3 trial in Japan and phase 2 trial in US. The drug is been patented by Japan but is allowed for making the generic drugs due to the medical need.

Glenmark pharmaceuticals, Cipla pharmaceutical company, mylan, Zydus cadila and DRL are licensed  from Gilead for making generic drug.

Glenmark pharmaceuticals is first Indian pharmaceutical to get approval for phase 3 clinical trial by DCGI. The generic name given by Glenmark is fabi flu.

Patients with diabetes and heart disease with mild to moderate covid-19 symptoms are eligible in this trial. The study shows the production in viral load within 4 days and provides faster radiological and symptomatic improvement in the patients. The drug shows 88% clinical improvement in covid-19 patients.

3. Cipla pharmaceutical is the only company who have approval for the production of generic drugs from us FDA as well as DCGI. 

Asian News International (ANI) reported that drug has granted permission to be used for restricted emergency use. On the other side Cipla pharmaceuticals have also produced a generic drug of Remdesivir. 

Cipremi is approved for adult and paediatric patients particularly those who are on oxygen support. Cipremi, that is Remdesivir is used as lyphilised powder for injection of 100 mg. Cipla has not yet disclosed its pricing for the medication.

DCGI has granted approval for supply drug  to cipla for Restricted Emergency Uses a part of accelerated approval process is considering the utmost medical need. Cipla pharmaceuticals will provide required training on the use of drug, informed patient consent documents post marketing surveillance as well as conduct of phase 4 clinical trial on Indian patients.

Mortality rate in the clinical trial conducted by Cipla was 7.1% among give in Remdesivir and 11.9% in Placebo. Gilead sciences had extended voluntary non-exclusive licence Cipla and hydro manufacturer  to market generic version.

4. Whereas Hetero Pharma, and other pharmaceutical company has received approval for the from the drug regulator to manufacture the generic. 

Hetero Pharma launch generic version under the name of covifor and will be selling 100mg injectables. Each vial may costing 5000 to 6000 per vial.As per ministry of dozing recommendation patients are to be given 200mg injectables of Remdesivir on day 1 followed by 100 mg daily for 5 days.

    ICMR has approved Remdesivir under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for use. Moreover these generic drugs may prove its efficacy. The drug, Remdesivir is included in ministry of health revised "clinical management protocols for covid-19" asa an "investigational therapy".

5. But a new therapy was put forth by Patanjali ayurved limited. It is named as corona kit the company is promoted by yoga guru Ramdev. But several doctors claims that it's just boosts up immunity and it can't be called as a drug against covid-19.

The Corona kit from Patanjali consists of  swasri(breathing difficulty), Anu Tel( used for nasal treatment) and coronil  (mixture of giloy, tulsi and ashwagandha). Patanjali Ayurveda claims that the medicine can cure covid-19 in 7 days. But the doctors adds that medicine do not do anything with the virus just boost up immunity. But government has not given any approval to the medication for marketing.

So from the above discussion we can conclude or assume that we have found out the cure for the pandemic, and Just immunity boosters will not help. Remdesivir is a Ray of hope against the pandemic. All pharmaceuticals are trying their best to find out the solution in form of medicine and vaccines. Let me know in the comment section what you feel, which is a best medicine for covid-19.

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd launches a drugs for COVID-19 -Fabi flu

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd launches a drugs for COVID-19, and would begin a clinical trial in India to test a combination of these two anti-viral drugs, favipiravir and umifenovir, as a potential treatment.

In present situation, all over the world is in search of vaccine and medication to fight back against the corona virus, which has infected 5.5 million people globally, killing more than 345,000, according to a Reuters tally. In India, now among the 10 most affected nations, the death toll reached 4,167. And the success of this trial would take Glenmark pharmaceutical to next level and world will get a breathe of relief.

Glenmark has been successful in securing the approval of Indian regulatory for conduct of the study. The study will aim to enroll 158 hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19. 

Favipiravir is made under the brand name Avigan by Japan's Fujifilm Holdings Corp and was approved for use as an anti-flu drug in 2014 in Japan, while umifenovir is licensed as a treatment for some types of flu infections in Russia and China.

Generics drugmaker Beximco (AIM: BXP and fellow Bangladesh-based Beacon Pharmaceuticals have developed version of favipiravir. Although the drug is patented in Japan, according to Beximco, Bangladesh could market and produce favipiravir until 2033 under the relaxed guidelines of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Glenmark is also conducting clinical trials in India of just favipiravir as a potential COVID-19 treatment, for which it expects results by July or August. However Favipiravir is also undergoing trials in other countries.

These two antiviral drugs have different mechanism of action, and their combination may demonstrate improved treatment efficacy, the Mumbai-headquartered drugmaker stated.

Another Indian drugmaker - Strides Pharma - is also set to begin clinical trials of favipiravir as a potential COVID-19 treatment.

Shares in Indian drugmakers have been on a tear this year. India's Nifty pharma index has risen 18% this year, compared with a 26% slide in the blue-chip NSE Nifty 50.

But still the question remains the same, will the drug prove itself efficacious, and will we be able to find the treatment, and will the world find peace again from this pandemic?

Note: This news is confirmed by Economic times India.

https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/pharma/glenmark-pharma-to-study-potential-covid-19-drug-combination/76004935

COVID-19 vaccine development is getting closer to success in India

In new delhi, Scientists have identified regions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 to target with a vaccine, by harnessing tools used for the development of cancer immunotherapies. The researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in the US employed the same approach used to elicit an immune response against cancer cells to stimulate an immune response against the novel coronavirus.

Using this strategy, the researchers believe a resulting vaccine would provide protection across the human population and drive a long-term immune response.

"In many ways, cancer behaves like a virus, so our team decided to use the tools we developed to identify unique aspects of childhood cancers that can be targeted with immunotherapies and apply those same tools to identify the right protein sequences to target in SARS-CoV-2," said John MMaris, a pediatric oncologist at CHOP, and a professor at the University of Pennsylvania.

"We think our approach provides a roadmap for a vaccine that would be both safe and effective and could be produced at scale," said Maris, senior author of the research published in the journal Cell ReportsMedicine.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, the researchers said.

An optimally designed vaccine maximises a long-lasting immune response, while minimising adverse reactions, autoimmunity, or disease exacerbation, they said. To increase the likelihood that a vaccine is both safe and effective, the research team prioritised parameters in identifying regions of the virus to target.

The researchers looked for regions that would stimulate a memory T-cell response that, when paired with the right B cells, would drive memory B cell formation and provide lasting immunity and do so across the majority of human genomes.

They targeted regions of SARS-CoV-2 that are present across multiple related coronaviruses, as well as new mutations that increase infectivity, while also ensuring that those regions were as dissimilar as possible from sequences naturally occurring in humans to maximize safety.

The researchers propose a list of 65 peptide sequences that, when targeted, offer the greatest probability of providing population scale immunity.

The team will now test various combinations of a dozen or so of these sequences in mouse models to assess their safety and effectiveness.

Note: The above news is confirmed by newspaper, Economic Times, India.

Read more at:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/targets-for-covid-19-vaccine-identified-by-scientists/articleshow/76280489.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

 

According to the Study in Oxford Hydroxychloroquine is Not Effective for Corona!

Coronavirus has currently no vaccine or medicine that effectively eliminates the infection. A ray of hope was briefly seen as Hydroxychloroquine was touted to work against Covid-19. 

Hydroxychloroquine is used as medicine against covid-19 but it has many side effects like blurred vision or other vision changes, which may be permanent in some cases, heart disease, including heart failure and issues with your heart rhythm; some cases have been fatal, ringing in your ears or hearing loss, angioedema (rapid swelling of your skin), severe hypoglycemia. 

According to study occurred in oxford, the drug is not helping the patients. 

In this study, more than 11,000 patients were given variety of treatments, some of which involved use of Hydroxychloroquine. After 28 days, it was found that 25.7 per cent of the patients on Hydroxychloroquine had died as compared to 23.5 per cent patients who were given usual care. Statistically, this difference is so small, it could have occurred by chance. 

These results “convincingly rule out any meaningful mortality benefit,” leaders of the study at Oxford were quoted as saying by ABC news. 

Hydroxychloroquine has been long used to treat malaria but its effectiveness against Covid-19 is still under question. One of the side-effects of Hydroxychloroquine is heart rhythm problems. 

Results of this study have not been published as yet. 

The World Health Organisation (WHO) is currently carrying out study on effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine against coronavirus. WHO chief scientist Dr. Soumya Swaminathan was quoted by ABC News as saying that WHO will consider results of Oxford study when they are available but for now WHO will continue with its own study. 

References: 

https://www.indiatvnews.com/science/coronavirus-oxford-study-hydroxychloroquine-not-helping-covid-19-patients-623812

https://www.who.int/dg/who-headquarters-leadership-team 

https://www.healthline.com/health/hydroxychloroquine-oral-tablet 

https://www.healthline.com/health/angioedema 

https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1

CORONAVIRUS: Introduction, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment.

Introduction:

Coronaviruses were first identified in the 1960s, but we don't know where they come from. They get their name from their crown-like shape. Sometimes, but not often, a coronavirus can infect both animals and humans.

Most coronaviruses spread the same way other cold-causing viruses do: through infected people coughing and sneezing, by touching an infected person's hands or face, or by touching things such as doorknobs that infected people have touched.

Almost everyone gets a coronavirus infection at least once in their life, most likely as a young child. In the United States, coronaviruses are more common in the fall and winter, but anyone can come down with a coronavirus infection at any time.

Some types of coronaviruses are serious, though. About 858 people have died from Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which first appeared in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and then in other countries in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe. In April 2014, the first American was hospitalized for MERS in Indiana and another case was reported in Florida. Both had just returned from Saudi Arabia. In May 2015, there was an outbreak of MERS in Korea, which was the largest outbreak outside of the Arabian Peninsula. In 2003, 774 people died from a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. As of 2015, there were no further reports of cases of SARS. 

But In early 2020, following a December 2019 outbreak in China, the World Health Organization identified a new type, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).

Structure of Coronavirus:

link to structure of corona virus The coronavirus, spike protein is a multifunctional molecular machine that mediates coronavirus entry into host cells. It first binds to a receptor on the host cell surface through its S1 subunit and then fuses viral and host membranes through its S2 subunit. Two domains in S1 from different coronaviruses recognize a variety of host receptors, leading to viral attachment. The spike protein exists in two structurally distinct conformations, prefusion and postfusion. The transition from prefusion to postfusion conformation of the spike protein must be triggered, leading to membrane fusion. This article reviews current knowledge about the structures and functions of coronavirus spike proteins, illustrating how the two S1 domains recognize different receptors and how the spike proteins are regulated to undergo conformational transitions. I further discuss the evolution of these two critical functions of coronavirus spike proteins, receptor recognition and membrane fusion, in the context of the corresponding functions from other viruses and host cells.

Symptoms:

Often a coronavirus causes upper respiratory infection symptoms like a stuffy nose, cough, and sore throat. You can treat them with rest and over-the-counter medication. The coronavirus can also cause middle ear infections in children.

You could get lab tests, including nose and throat cultures and blood work, to find out whether your cold was caused by a coronavirus, but there's no reason to. The test results wouldn't change how you treat your symptoms, which typically go away in a few days.

But if a coronavirus infection spreads to the lower respiratory tract (your windpipe and your lungs), it can cause pneumonia, especially in older people, people with heart disease, or people with weakened immune systems.

Prevention:

There is no vaccine for coronavirus. To help prevent a coronavirus infection, do the same things you do to avoid the common cold:

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water or with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth.

Avoid close contact with people who are infected.

You treat a coronavirus infection the same way you treat a cold:

1. Get plenty of rest.

2  Drink fluids.

3. Take over-the-counter medicine for a sore throat and fever. But don't give aspirin to children or teens younger than 19; use ibuprofen or acetaminophen instead.

4. A humidifier or steamy shower can also help ease a sore and scratchy throat.

Treatment:

A Chinese woman infected with the new coronavirus showed dramatic improvement after she was treated with a cocktail of anti-virals used to treat flu & HIV, Thailand's health ministry said on Sunday. The 71-year-old patient tested negative for the virus 48 hours after Thai doctors administered the combination, doctor Kriengsak Attipornwanich said during the ministry's daily press briefing.

"The lab result of positive on the coronavirus turned negative in 48 hours," Kriengsak said.

From being exhausted before, she could sit up in bed 12 hours later."

The doctors combined the anti-flu drug oseltamivir with lopinavir and ritonavir, anti-virals used to treat HIV, Kriengsak said, adding the ministry was awaiting research results to prove the findings.

Acknowledgement:

This work is supported by Nation Institutes of Health.

Comment down your queries about Coronavirus.